A 2025 American Family Physician editorial by Dr. Joel Selanikio discussed how artificial intelligence (AI) tools had accelerated an existing trend of “patients bypassing physicians to diagnose and treat themselves,” which began with over-the-counter drugs and online search engines. This direct-to-consumer health care approach received a boost in January with OpenAI’s launch of ChatGPT Health , which invites users to upload their medical records and health data from apps for personalized recommendations. AI chatbots can provide helpful responses to health questions in several low-stakes contexts, as outlined in this handout from Dewey Labs : translating medical jargon, brainstorming possible causes of symptoms, summarizing research or test results, and preparing questions for an upcoming doctor’s visit. However, a recent study in Nature Medicine highlighted ChatGPT Health’s significant limitations in triaging patients with acute problems to appropriate levels of care. Dr. Ashwin...